Page 15 - Volt Atlas

Maps and Map Reading

7+( +,6725< 2) &$572*5$3+< 'XULQJ WKH WK FHQWXU\ D QXPEHU RI IDPRXV ZRUOG DWODVHV ZHUH
SXEOLVKHG 7KH VLQJOH JUHDWHVW FRQWULEXWLRQ WR WKH PDS RI WKH ZRUOG ZDV
7KH PDS LV RQH RI WKH ROGHVW IRUPV RI FRPPXQLFDWLRQ SUHFHGLQJ HYHQ
WKH DUW RI ZULWLQJ 7KH ROGHVW NQRZQ PDS LV D %DE\ORQLDQ FOD\ WDEOHW PDGH E\ WKH $PHULFDQ *HRJUDSKLFDO 6RFLHW\ RI 1HZ <RUN ZKLFK
F %& QRZ RQ H[KLELWLRQ LQ WKH %ULWLVK 0XVHXP %DE\ORQ LV VKRZQ DV FRPSOHWHG LWV VKHHW 0DS RI +LVSDQLF $PHULFD LQ 'XULQJ :RUOG
D UHFWDQJOH LQWHUVHFWHG E\ YHUWLFDO OLQHV ZKLFK UHSUHVHQW WKH (XSKUDWHV :DUV , DQG ,, WKH VFLHQFH DQG DUW RI PDS PDNLQJ KDG DGYDQFHG JUHDWO\ DQG
ULYHU DQG WKH ZRUOG LV VKRZQ HQFLUFOHG E\ DQ RFHDQ WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH FRPSXWHU OHG WR WKH SURGXFWLRQ RI GLJLWDO PDSV DQG
FRQWULEXWHG WR WKH JURZWK RI WKH *HRJUDSKLFDO ,QIRUPDWLRQ 6\VWHPV *,6
ZKLFK DOORZHG XVHUV WR FRPELQH DQG PDQLSXODWH VSDWLDOO\ UHIHUHQFHG GDWD
7KH SUHVHQW V\VWHP RI FDUWRJUDSK\ ZDV HVWDEOLVKHG E\ WKH *UHHNV ,W
0RGHUQ WHFKQRORJ\ XVLQJ UHPRWH VHQVLQJ E\ DLUERUQH DQG VDWHOOLWH UDGDU
ZDV WKH ZRUN RI 3WROHP\ D *UHHN DVWURQRPHU DQG JHRJUDSKHU ZKR OLYHG
DV ZHOO DV GHYLFHV FDOOHG PXOWL VSHFWUDO VFDQQHUV KDV PDGH LW SRVVLEOH WR
LQ $OH[DQGULD LQ WKH QG FHQWXU\ $' ZKLFK SURYLGHV XV ZLWK WKH
TXLFNO\ FROOHFW DQG XSGDWH LQIRUPDWLRQ IRU PDSPDNLQJ
LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW FDUWRJUDSK\ DQG D V\VWHP ZKLFK ZDV IROORZHG IRU
PDQ\ FHQWXULHV 'XULQJ WKH 0LGGOH$JHV ZKLOH (XURSHDQ FDUWRJUDSKHUV
SURGXFHG DUWLVWLF PDSV $UDELF FDUWRJUDSKHUV QRWDEO\ ,GULVL LQ WKH WK
FHQWXU\ FDUULHG RQ WKH ZRUN RI 3WROHP\ DQG DW D ODWHU VWDJH WKH &KLQHVH
SURGXFHG WKH ILUVW SULQWHG PDSV
7KH UHGLVFRYHU\ DQG WUDQVODWLRQ RI 3WROHP\ V *HRJUDSKLD LQWR /DWLQ WKH
LQYHQWLRQ RI SULQWLQJ DQG HQJUDYLQJ DQG WKH JUHDW YR\DJHV RI GLVFRYHU\
ZHUH PDMRU HYHQWV LQ (XURSH LQ $' 7KLV UHQDLVVDQFH ZDV
PDQLIHVWHG LQ WKH ZRUN RI *HUDUG 0HUFDWRU LQ WKH ILUVW PRGHUQ ZRUOG DWODV
SXEOLVKHG LQ E\ $EUDKDP 2UWHOLXV DQG E\ WKH GHFRUDWLYH SDLQWLQJ
OLNH PDSV RI WKH )UHQFK 6DQVRQ IDPLO\ LQ WKH WK FHQWXU\ ,PSURYHPHQWV
LQ WKH PHWKRGV RI VXUYH\LQJ DQG LQFUHDVHG HPSKDVLV RQ DFFXUDF\ OHG WR 6DWHOOLWH ,PDJH
WKH QRWHG WK FHQWXU\ ZRUN E\ WKH )UHQFKPHQ *XLOODXPH 'HOLVOH DQG *HRJUDSK\ ,W LV WKH VWXG\ RI WKH SK\VLFDO IHDWXUHV RI WKH HDUWK LWV DWPR
- % % ' $QYLOOH ZKR ZHUH DOVR WKH IRXQGHUV RI PRGHUQ FDUWRJUDSK\ VSKHUH DQG RI WKH GLVWULEXWLRQ RI KXPDQ OLIH RQ HDUWK DQG WKH HIIHFWV RI
KXPDQ DFLYLW\
0DQ\ (XURSHDQ JRYHUQPHQWV XQGHUWRRN WKH V\VWHPDWLF PDSSLQJ RI
WKHLU FRXQWULHV DIWHU 7KH ILUVW QDWLRQDO VXUYH\ ZDV FRQGXFWHG E\ &DUWRJUDSK\ ,W LV WKH DUW DQG VFLHQFH RI PDS PDNLQJ DQG D FDUWRJUDSKHU LV
)UDQFH SXEOLVKHG LQ IROORZHG E\ WKH 2UGQDQFH 6XUYH\ RI *UHDW WKH SHUVRQ ZKR PDNHV WKH PDS
%ULWDLQ SXEOLVKHG LQ WKH 7ULJRQRPHWULFDO 6XUYH\ RI ,QGLD DOVR
*OREH ,W LV WKH PLQLDWXUH PRGHO ZLWK JULG V\VWHP DQG D WKUHH GLPHQVLRQDO
NQRZQ DV 7KH *UHDW $UF 6XUYH\ RI :LOOLDP /DPEWRQ DQG *HRUJH (YHUHVW
UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ RI WKH HDUWK
EHJDQ LQ DQG VSDQQHG PRUH WKDQ KDOI D FHQWXU\ DQG WKH
7RSRJUDSKLF 6XUYH\ RI 6ZLW]HUODQG 7KH 8 6 *HRORJLFDO 6XUYH\ 0DS $PDS LV WZR GLPHQVLRQDO GLDJUDPPDWLF UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ RI WKH HDUWK RU
KDV PDSSHG PXFK RI WKH FRXQWU\ RQ YDU\LQJ VFDOHV D SDUW RI LW GUDZQ WR D VFDOH RQ D IODW VXUIDFH E\ XVLQJ FRQYHQWLRQDO VLJQV DQG
V\PEROV ,W VKRZV YDULRXV TXDOLWDWLYH DQG TXDQWLWDWLYH IHDWXUHV LQFOXGLQJ
ERXQGDULHV SK\VLFDO IHDWXUHV SDWWHUQV DQG GLVWULEXWLRQ 7KH VFDOH RI WKH
7<3(6 2) 0$36
PDS LV GHWHUPLQHG E\ WKH SXUSRVH DQG WKH H[WHQW RI GHWDLOV WR EH VKRZQ RQ
%$6(' 21 6&$/( WKH PDS
H .DGLUL
3HQXNRQGD

9DQLYLODVD 6FDOH 7KH VFDOH LV WKH UDWLR EHWZHHQ WZR SRLQWV RQ WKH JURXQG DQG WKHLU
6DJDUD /HSDNVKL 3DSD
6LUD FRUUHVSRQGLQJ GLVWDQFH RQ WKH PDS ,W FDQ EH UHSUHVHQWHG LQ WKUHH ZD\V
U
&KLN %DOODSXU +
HUH 7XPDNXUX 1DQGL + 5HSUHVHQWDWLYH )UDFWLRQ
+LOOV
7KH VFDOH RI WKH PDS LV H[SUHVVHG LQ WKH IRUP RI D UDWLR DQG LV DSSOLFDEOH WR
.LEEDQDKDOOL
.RODU
DQ\ RQH XQLW DQG LW FDQ EH LQ FHQWLPHWUH RU LQFK (J
Q %(1*$/858
.RODU *ROG

)LHOGV
6KUDYDQDEHODJROD :ULWWHQ 6WDWHPHQW

VKQDUDMD +RVXU ,W LV H[SUHVVHG LQ D VLPSOH VWDWHPHQW DV FP NP RU LQFK PLOH
JDUD 5DPDQDJDUD
DQD 0DQG\D .ULVKQDJLUL
6LYDVDPXGUDP
UX *UDSKLF 6FDOH
+RJHQDNDO 7LUXYD
$ VWUDLJKW OLQH LV GLYLGHG LQWR D QXPEHU RI HTXDO SDUWV 7KH VFDOH FRQIRUPV WR
DQMDQJXG )DOOV 'KDUP
&KDPUDMQDJDU D FKDQJH LQ WKH VL]H ZKHUH E\ D SURSRUWLRQ UHPDLQV LQWDFW

6WDQOH\
DQGLSXU <HUFDXG
/DUJH VFDOH PDS 6PDOO VFDOH PDS 'LUHFWLRQV 7KH GLUHFWLRQ LV VKRZQ RQ WKH PDS ZLWK WKH KHOS RI DQ DUURZ
SRLQWLQJ XSZDUGV ZKLFK UHIHUV WR WKH QRUWK %DVHG RQ WKLV WKH RWKHU
%$6(' 21 '(7$,/6
GLUHFWLRQV FDQ EH IRXQG
1$785$/ 9(*(7$7,21
6<0%2/6
6\PEROV KDYH EHHQ GHYHORSHG WR UHSUHVHQW VRPH IHDWXUHV RQ WKH PDS DQG
WKH\ FDQ EH JUDSKLFDO RU SLFWRULDO V\PEROV &RORXUV DUH DOVR XVHG DV
V\PEROV VXFK DV EOXH IRU ZDWHU VHSDUDWH FRORXU IRU HDFK DGPLQLVWUDWLYH
XQLW LQ SROLWLFDO PDSV DQG GLIIHUHQW FRORXU VKDGHV LQ SK\VLFDO PDSV
1$785$/ 9(*(7$7,21
'HVHUW
(TXDWRULDO UDLQIRUHVW ,QWHUQDWLRQDO ERXQGDU\ &RXQWU\ FDSLWDO
(YHUJUHHQ WUHHV DQG VKUXEV
*UDVVODQG DQG VDYDQQD
0L[HG GU\ ZRRGODQG VDYDQQD 6WDWH ERXQGDU\ 6WDWH FDSLWDO
0DQJURYH IRUHVW
0RXQWDLQ FRQLIHURXV IRUHVW *ROGHQ 4XDGULODWHUDO 'LVWULFW KHDGTXDUWHUV
2DVHV DQG 1LOH YDOOH\
3DS\UXV VZDPSV 1RUWK 6RXWK &RUULGRU 2WKHU WRZQ
6HPL GHVHUW
(DVW :HVW &RUULGRU 1DWLRQDO +LJKZD\ QXPEHU
7HPSHUDWH DQG PRXQWDLQ JUDVVODQG
7HPSHUDWH IRUHVW
1DWLRQDO +LJKZD\ 3DVV
7KRUQEXVK DQG JUDVVODQG
7KHPDWLF PDS 5HIHUHQFH PDS 5DLOZD\ /LQH 3HDN
13